HHS Report Highlights Progress toward Unified Health Data Exchange

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) published a report in JAMA outlining its progress toward building a unified, nationwide system for health data exchange. Recognizing the challenges of fragmented electronic health record (EHR) systems, the authors emphasize that unlocking the full potential of health information is essential for improving patient care, public health, scientific research, and health outcomes. Through federal leadership and public-private collaboration, the report highlights how foundational technologies are creating a 21st-century digital health ecosystem that supports better access, equity, and innovation across the healthcare continuum.

To support this vision, HHS has developed and implemented three key building blocks. The United States Core Data for Interoperability (USCDI) defines a standardized set of minimum data elements required across health IT systems. Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) provides a common, flexible standard for data exchange, making health IT systems function more like open platforms. The Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement (TEFCA) creates a nationwide network that enables secure, interoperable health data sharing among healthcare entities. Together, these elements lay the groundwork for a more efficient and secure flow of health information across hospitals, physician practices, public health agencies, and research institutions.

Looking ahead, HHS recommends several strategic actions to build on these efforts. Expanding adoption of the building blocks is critical, including extending digital health technology to under-resourced areas like behavioral health and long-term care settings. HHS is also working to develop new standards through initiatives like USCDI+, which will support broader data uses such as cancer research, quality measurement, and public health response. Key opportunities include enhancing standards for informed consent and de-identification, but challenges remain around data quality, documentation burden, and consistent adoption across diverse health systems. The roadmap envisions a health ecosystem where secure, standardized data exchange becomes the norm—fueling care delivery, innovation, and public health surveillance.

Ultimately, while technological progress has been significant, the report acknowledges that overcoming persistent fragmentation and inequity requires continued investment, partnership, and innovation. Building a unified, interoperable health data system is seen as vital not only for improving individual patient outcomes but also for strengthening public health preparedness and enabling future advancements like AI-powered care coordination. The HHS leadership asserts that with the foundational building blocks now in place, the healthcare system is better positioned to deliver person-centered, efficient, and data-driven care for all Americans.